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Zaynab Fawwaz
Zaynab Fawwāz (Zaynab bint ʻAlī ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʻUbayd ʼAllāh ibn Ḥasan ibn ʼIbrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf Fawwāz ʼal-ʻĀmilī, ?1860–1914)〔Zaynab's year of birth is given by different authorities variously at 1846, 1850, 1859, and 1860, but according to Joseph T. Zeidan, ''Arab Women Novelists: the Formative Years and Beyond'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), p. 289 fn. 54, 1860 is the general consensus.〕 was a pioneering poet, novelist and historian of famous women.〔Ashour, Radwa (2008). ''Arab Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide, 1873–1999''. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-416-146-9. p. 391.〕
==Early life==
Little is known of Zaynab's early life and accounts are divergent.〔Joseph T. Zeidan, ''Arab Women Novelists: the Formative Years and Beyond'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), p. 289.〕 In Joseph Zeidan's account:
:: Zaynab Fawwāz ... represents a unique phenomenon among the pioneering women writers ... Zaynab was not from an elite, city family; rather, she was born to a poor, obscure, and illiterate Shiite family in the village of Tabnīn in southern Lebanon. Most sources agree that when she was young, Fawwaāz served as a maid at the palace of ʿAlī Bey al-Asʿad al-Ṣaghīr ... Her work at the palace proved to be of great benefit to her; it gave her the chance to associate with Fāṭimah al-Khalīl, the prince's wife, who was a poet. Fāṭimah al-Khalīl recognized Zaynab Fawwāz's intellectual potential and began to tutor her.〔Joseph T. Zeidan, ''Arab Women Novelists: the Formative Years and Beyond'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), p. 64; cf. Ashour, Radwa (2008). ''Arab Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide, 1873–1999''. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-416-146-9, p. 14.〕
On the other hand, Mirna Lattouf has her born into a prominent Shiite family in Tabnīn.〔Lattouf, Mirna (2004). ''Women, Education, And Socialization In Modern Lebanon: 19th And 20th Centuries Social History''. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 0-7618-3017-0, p. 73.〕 During her stay with al-Asʿad, Zaynab married one of the domestic workers. However, they would later divorce for reasons that remain unclear.〔Ashour, Radwa (2008). ''Arab Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide, 1873–1999''. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-416-146-9, p. 391; Zeidan, 1995, p. 84; Scott Meisami, Julia & Starkey, Paul (Eds.) ''Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature'' (Vol. 1) Routledge, 2003 p. 226.〕
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